PCR and fluorescent antibody panels of viruses used in our testing in compliance with the Code of Federal Regulations (9 CFR, parts 113.46 and 113.47), Animals and Animal Products. The panel includes the 10 viruses listed below. Clients may request the inclusion of other viruses or modification of our standard protocols, as desired.
The test begins with bovine turbinate (BT) and Vero cells, which are susceptible to a wider range of viruses. These cells are inoculated with the test sample and cultured for at least 21 days. At least 14 days after inoculation, monolayers are prepared from test cultures for end-point analysis.
To serve as negative controls, cultures of BT and Vero cells inoculated with culture medium are maintained in parallel with test cultures. Similarly, other monolayers are prepared from test cultures at least 14 days after inoculation; these are inoculated with positive control viruses and likewise maintained in parallel. As a final result, we report whether any of these viruses are found. Reporting time for bovine 9 CFR testing is 5 weeks.
PCR: The following PCR assays are available to detect bovine and Porcine viral pathogens:
Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus (BVDV) is a highly prevalent infection in cattle and its presence in bovine serum cannot be completely avoided. The potential presence of extraneous agents in bovine serum represents a risk to the safety of the biological medicinal product. The testing and removal of BVDV is essential to control the quality and safety of bovine serum used during the manufacture of human biological medicinal products for human and animal use including vaccines, bovine serum and master cell banks. Testing for BVDV is performed throughout the manufacturing process specifically on serum used during production cell growth and during cell growth prior to a production phase (growth of cell prior to vaccine production).
Bovine Polyoma virus (BPyV) Bovine polyoma virus is a common contaminant of bovine serum. Serum manufacturers and users are encouraged to apply infectivity assays for BPyV and to investigate methods for inactivation/removal of BPyV in order to limit or eliminate infectious virus from batches of serum.
Electron microscopy.
Pelleted cell lines are chemically fixed, embedded in epoxy resin and thin-sections are prepared. A minimum of fifty cell sections from each cell line are examined for the presence of viral particles at 5,000 X-50,000 X magnification in a transmission electron microscope.
Associated services
Endotoxin testing
Virucidal and antimicrobial efficacy studies
Environmental monitoring
Package stability and validation
Water validations
Contract manufacturing
Custom Assays. We understand that no production plant is identical and that every process is unique. Using a combination of practical experience and a scientific approach, we will customize bovine virus testing methods to meet your specific requirements including scientifically sound data that will be accepted by regulatory authorities around the globe.
These assays evaluate the test articles for extraneous viruses as specified in USDA-APHIS 9 CFR 113.52, 113.53c, 113.55, including compliance with 113.46 and 113.47. VMRD tests for viruses in materials from all mammalian species listed in UDSA-APHIS 9 CFR 113.47.
Bovine Polyomavirus (BPyV) Testing
VMRD’s validated 21 day assay for the detection of infectious BPyV is based on growth in bovine cells followed by an IFA detection of infective BPyV using a mono-specific antiserum generated against a BPyV subunit protein.This assay can reliably detect as little as 10-7 MOI (0.2 virions) in test articles.
ICH Q6Bで示される「安定性特性の評価」の中の「応力試験(stress testing)」とは、バイオ医薬品の分子がどのような条件で分解・変性・失活するかを意図的に調べるための試験です。これは通常の安定性試験(長期・加速)とは異なる目的を持っています。
◆ 応力試験(Stress Testing)の定義と目的
✦ 定義(Q6B準拠の解釈)
“Stress testing is intended to assess the inherent stability of the molecule by exposing it to conditions more severe than those encountered during manufacture, storage, or use.”
ICH Q5C:バイオ医薬品の安定性試験全体を規定する中で、応力試験を明確に規定(Stability-indicating test method)
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あなた:
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ChatGPT: ご質問の「応力試験」は、英語では一般的に以下のように表現されます:
✅ 英語表現:
Stress Testing
◆ 用法の例(ICHガイドラインでも使用)
ICH Q6B(品質仕様に関するガイドライン)より:“Stress testing can help to identify the likely degradation products, which can in turn help to establish the degradation pathways and the intrinsic stability of the molecule.”
ICH Q5C(安定性試験)でも使用:“Stress testing of the drug substance can help identify the degradation pathways and the intrinsic stability of the molecule.”
マイコプラズマ (寒天平板培地と液体培地による培養および指標細胞培養法,Ph.Eur, JP, “Points to Consider in the Characterization of Cell Lines Used to Produce Biologicals” (FDA, CBER, 1993): 1 vial使用で十分)
試験方法は”WHO Requirements for the Use of Animal Cells as in vitro Substrates for the Production of Biologicals” (in WHO Expert Commitee on Bilogical Standardization 47th Report, WHO Technical Report Series No.878,1998).
用語
(1) In Vitro 細胞齢 (In vitro Cell Age)
MCB融解->Harvestまでの時間尺度 (培養期間,細胞倍加レベル(PDL) or 一定の希釈手順での継代の場合では細胞境内数)
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